Simplified Method for the Lateral, Rotational, and Torsional Static Stiffness of Circular Footings on a Nonhomogeneous Elastic Half-Space Based on a Work-Equivalent Framework

Although there are many methods for assessing vertical stiffness of footings on the ground, simplified solutions to evaluate lateral, rotational, and torsional static much more limited, particularly nonhomogeneous profiles shear modulus with depth. This paper addresses topic by introducing a novel “work-equivalent” framework develop new design estimating stiffnesses under multiple degrees-of-freedom loading general soils. Furthermore, this provides unified basis analyze two existing that have diverging results. 3D finite element analyses were carried out investigate soil–footing interaction range continuously varying multilayered soils, validate approach.